COVID-19 and Ophthalmology; a systematic review
Angila Ataei-Pirkooh1 *, Atefeh Kachooei Mohagheghi Yaghubi1
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
Abstract: Population growth, increased travel, and changing conditions are causing epidemic and pandemic diseases caused by emerging RNA viruses. Although events can not be predicted, our medical department must be prepared to use the latest advances in science to combat emerging viruses. The 2019 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has reached a critical stage and has affected more than 200 countries worldwide. Transmission occurs during close contact when small droplets reach the mucosal surfaces of the mouth, nose, or eyes. With each sneeze, cough, or conversation, small droplets are released into the environment. The corona virus can affect the eyes of humans and animals. Eye manifestations in animals include acute conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis, retinitis, and visual neuritis. In humans, acute conjunctivitis is the only ocular manifestation described in print articles. The eyes are also an important entry point for respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses. Medical specialties include a variety of examinations that may put patients and physicians at risk for infection. Ophthalmic instruments may act as a means of transmitting the virus, and eye health facilities pose a risk of cross-infection. A recent study showed that because coronaviruses are capable of causing a wide range of ocular manifestations, ophthalmologists should be careful to prevent possible transmission through ocular tissue. Also Cases of conjunctivitis have been reported in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of articles and reports on ocular diseases related to SARS Cov-2 worldwide.
Methods: A total of 8 articles were identified as eligible through screening of PubMed and Google Scholar databases and were therefore included in this systematic review.
Results: SARS coronavirus 2 can cause acute conjunctivitis even in the absence of respiratory symptoms and fever. Blepharitis, red eyes, tears, photophobia and telangiectasia are also seen in patients with the virus.
Conclusion: According to studies in this field, experience and preventive strategies should be used to help when performing ophthalmological services. As diagnostic PCR testing is not readily available in all centers, personal protective equipment should be used. Proper precautions can shorten the epidemic period.
