Stem cell therapy risk factors for treatment eye disease

Bahareh Pourjabbar1 , Alireza Baradaran-Rafii2 , Saeed Heidari Keshel1 *

  1. Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  2. Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: Cell therapy is based on the transplantation of undifferentiated/differentiated cells into body in order to promotion of the damage-repair response of injured or diseased tissue. Treatment application of stem cell therapy associated with risk factors such as tumor development, immune response, cellular senescence, effects of dosage and timing of administration. The focus of this study is on the stem cells and risk factors associated with the application different types of stem cell in treatment of eye disease.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using Google scholar, Web of Science and PubMed databases in two phases. The first phase was directed to articles published for stem cell therapy for eye disease. The second phase was concentrated on the risk factors associated with stem cell therapy. The search strategy was not limited by publication status and year of publication.

Results: Human iPSCs are similar to hESCs, are unlimited source of cells in the treatment of retinal degenerative disorders including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt disease, and other disorders. Moreover, human iPSCs do not have immunologic incompatibility problem between donors and recipients were reported in applying hESCs. Comparing stem cells and tumor, it can be seen that there is a connection between pluripotency and tumorigenicity and high pluripotency of stem cells rises the risk of tumor formation. The high risk for tumor formation by stem cell therapy has two main reasons: 1- the nature genetic elements of stem cells, 2- Epigenetic changes.

Conclusion: High degree of proliferation, self-renewal potential and differentiation into various cell types are characteristics of pluripotent stem cells which consequently leading to tumorigenesis. Immune response against to stem cell transplants is very different and depend on type of stem cells and their differentiation state. In view of these, the selecting of type, source and administration condition of stem cells in treatment of eye disease are considerable issues.





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